A sample text file from the ADS Abstract Service showing XML markup for the full bibliographic entry, including records from STI, MNRAS, and SIMBAD. Items in bold are those selected to create the canonical text file shown in Appendix C.
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE ADS_BIBALL SYSTEM "ads.dtd">
<ADS_BIBALL>
<BIBRECORD origin="STI">
<TITLE>Spectroscopic confirmation of redshifts
predicted by gravitational lensing</TITLE>
<AUTHORS>
<AU AF="1">
<FNAME>Tim</FNAME>
<LNAME>Ebbels</LNAME>
</AU>
<AU AF="1">
<FNAME>Richard</FNAME>
<LNAME>Ellis</LNAME>
</AU>
<AU AF="2">
<FNAME>Jean-Paul</FNAME>
<LNAME>Kneib</LNAME>
</AU>
<AU AF="2">
<FNAME>Jean-Francois</FNAME>
<LNAME>LeBorgne</LNAME>
</AU>
<AU AF="2">
<FNAME>Roser</FNAME>
<LNAME>Pello</LNAME>
</AU>
<AU AF="3">
<FNAME>Ian</FNAME>
<LNAME>Smail</LNAME>
</AU>
<AU AF="4">
<FNAME>Blai</FNAME>
<LNAME>Sanahuja</LNAME>
</AU>
</AUTHORS>
<AFFILIATIONS>
<AF ident="AF_1">Cambridge, Univ.</AF>
<AF ident="AF_2">Observatoire Midi-Pyrenees</AF>
<AF ident="AF_3">Durham, Univ.</AF>
<AF ident="AF_4">Barcelona, Univ.</AF>
</AFFILIATIONS>
<MSTRING>Royal Astronomical Society, Monthly Notices, vol. 295, p. 75</MSTRING>
<MONOGRAPH>
<MTITLE>Royal Astronomical Society, Monthly Notices</MTITLE>
<VOLUME>295</VOLUME>
</MONOGRAPH>
<PAGE>75</PAGE>
<PUBDATE>
<YEAR>1998</YEAR>
<MONTH>03</MONTH>
</PUBDATE>
<CATEGORIES>
<CA>Astrophysics</CA>
<CATEGORIES>
<BIBCODE>1998MNRAS.295...75E</BIBCODE>
<BIBTYPE>article</BIBTYPE>
<IDENTIFIERS>
<ID type="ACCNO">A98-51106</ID>
</IDENTIFIERS>
<KEYWORDS system="STI">
<KW>GRAVITATIONAL LENSES</KW>
<KW>RED SHIFT</KW>
<KW>HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE</KW>
<KW>GALACTIC CLUSTERS</KW>
<KW>ASTRONOMICAL SPECTROSCOPY</KW>
<KW>MASS DISTRIBUTION</KW>
<KW>SPECTROGRAPHS</KW>
<KW>PREDICTION ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES</KW>
<KW>ASTRONOMICAL PHOTOMETRY</KW>
</KEYWORDS>
<ABSTRACT>
We present deep spectroscopic measurements of 18 distant field galaxies
identified as gravitationally lensed arcs in a Hubble Space Telescope
image of the cluster Abell 2218. Redshifts of these objects were
predicted by Kneib et al. using a lensing analysis constrained by the
properties of two bright arcs of known redshift and other multiply
imaged sources. The new spectroscopic identifications were obtained
using long exposures with the LDSS-2 spectrograph on the William
Herschel Telescope, and demonstrate the capability of that instrument to
reach new limits, R = 24; the lensing magnification implies true source
magnitudes as faint as R = 25. Statistically, our measured redshifts are
in excellent agreement with those predicted from Kneib et al.'s lensing
analysis, and this gives considerable support to the redshift
distribution derived by the lensing inversion method for the more
numerous and fainter arclets extending to R = 25.5. We explore the
remaining uncertainties arising from both the mass distribution in the
central regions of Abell 2218 and the inversion method itself, and
conclude that the mean redshift of the faint field population at R =
25.5 (B = 26-27) is low, (z = 0.8-1). We discuss this result in the
context of redshift distributions estimated from multicolor photometry.
<ABSTRACT>
</BIBRECORD>
<BIBRECORD origin="MNRAS">
<TITLE>Spectroscopic confirmation of redshifts
predicted by gravitational lensing</TITLE>
<AUTHORS>
<AU AF="1">
<FNAME>Tim</FNAME>
<LNAME>Ebbels</LNAME>
</AU>
<AU AF="1" EM="1">
<FNAME>Richard</FNAME>
<LNAME>Ellis</LNAME>
</AU>
<AU AF="2">
<FNAME>Jean-Paul</FNAME>
<LNAME>Kneib</LNAME>
</AU>
<AU AF="2">
<FNAME>Jean-François</FNAME>
<LNAME>LeBorgne</LNAME>
</AU>
<AU AF="2">
<FNAME>Roser</FNAME>
<LNAME>Pelló</LNAME>
</AU>
<AU AF="3">
<FNAME>Ian</FNAME>
<LNAME>Smail</LNAME>
</AU>
<AU AF="4">
<FNAME>Blai</FNAME>
<LNAME>Sanahuja</LNAME>
</AU>
</AUTHORS>
<AFFILIATIONS>
<AF ident="AF_1">Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA</AF>
<AF ident="AF_2">Observatoire Midi-Pyréné
es, 14 Avenue E. Belin</AF>
<AF ident="AF_3">Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE</AF>
<AF ident="AF_4">Departament d'Astronomia i Meteorologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 648, 08028 Barcelona, Spain</AF>
</AFFILIATIONS>
<EMAILS>
<EM ident="EM_1">rse@ast.cam.ac.uk</EM>
</EMAILS>
<MSTRING>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 295, Issue 1, pp. 75-91.</MSTRING>
<MONOGRAPH>
<MTITLE>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</MTITLE>
<MTITLE>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</MTITLE>
<VOLUME>295</VOLUME>
<ISSUE>1</ISSUE>
</MONOGRAPH>
<PAGE>75</PAGE>
<LPAGE>91</LPAGE>
<PUBDATE>
<YEAR>1998</YEAR>
<MONTH>03</MONTH>
</PUBDATE>
<COPYRIGHT>1998: The Royal Astronomical Society</COPYRIGHT>
<BIBCODE>1998MNRAS.295...75E</BIBCODE>
<KEYWORDS system="AAS">
<KW>GALAXIES: CLUSTERS: INDIVIDUAL: ABELL 2218</KW>
<KW>GALAXIES: EVOLUTION</KW>
<KW>COSMOLOGY: OBSERVATIONS</KW>
<KW>GRAVITATIONAL LENSING</KW>
</KEYWORDS>
<ABSTRACT>
We present deep spectroscopic measurements of 18 distant field galaxies
identified as gravitationally lensed arcs in a Hubble Space Telescope
image of the cluster Abell2218. Redshifts of these objects were
predicted by Kneib et al. using a lensing analysis constrained by the
properties of two bright arcs of known redshift and other multiply
imaged sources. The new spectroscopic identifications were obtained
using long exposures with the LDSS-2 spectrograph on the William
Herschel Telescope, and demonstrate the capability of that instrument to
reach new limits, R≃24 the lensing magnification implies true source
magnitudes as faint as R≃25. Statistically, our measured redshifts are
in excellent agreement with those predicted from Kneib et al.'s lensing
analysis, and this gives considerable support to the redshift
distribution derived by the lensing inversion method for the more
numerous and fainter arclets extending to R≃25.5. We explore the
remaining uncertainties arising from both the mass distribution in the
central regions of Abell2218 and the inversion method itself, and
conclude that the mean redshift of the faint field population at R≃25.5
(B∼26–27) is low, ⟨z⟩=0.8–1. We discuss this result
in the context of redshift distributions estimated from multicolour photometry.
Although such comparisons are not straightforward, we suggest that photometric
techniques may achieve a reasonable level of agreement, particularly
when they include near-infrared photometry with discriminatory
capabilities in the 1<z<2 range.
</ABSTRACT>
</BIBRECORD>
<BIBRECORD origin="SIMBAD">
<TITLE>Spectroscopic confirmation of redshifts
predicted by gravitational lensing.</TITLE>
<AUTHORS>
<AU>
<FNAME>T.</FNAME>
<LNAME>Ebbels</LNAME>
</AU>
<AU>
<FNAME>R.</FNAME>
<LNAME>Ellis</LNAME>
</AU>
<AU>
<FNAME>J.-P.</FNAME>
<LNAME>Kneib</LNAME>
</AU>
<AU>
<FNAME>J.-F.</FNAME>
<LNAME>LeBorgne</LNAME>
</AU>
<AU>
<FNAME>R.</FNAME>
<LNAME>Pelló</LNAME>
</AU>
<AU>
<FNAME>I.</FNAME>
<LNAME>Smail</LNAME>
</AU>
<AU>
<FNAME>B.</FNAME>
<LNAME>Sanahuja</LNAME>
</AU>
</AUTHORS>
<MSTRING>Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 295, 75-91 (1998)</MSTRING>
<MONOGRAPH>
<MTITLE>Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.</MTITLE>
<VOLUME>295</VOLUME>
<MONOGRAPH>
<PAGE>75</PAGE>
<LPAGE>91</LPAGE>
<PUBDATE>
<YEAR>1998</YEAR>
<MONTH>03</MONTH>
</PUBDATE>
<BIBCODE>1998MNRAS.295...75E</BIBCODE>
</BIBRECORD>
</ADS_BIBALL>
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